International Comparison – APCA Blog

International Developments: BankID

Nick Cliff — Wed, 08 Feb 2017 00:11:24 +0000

As part of our work to monitor and interpret international developments, we recently spoke to Jonas Dahlberg, Vice President of Business Development at Nexus Group, to gain his insights into how Sweden’s BankID works and why he thinks so many…

Cloudsurfing and payments

Chris Hamilton — Wed, 11 Nov 2015 05:50:38 +0000

Many in our industry are watching in fascination as the United States inches towards a real-time payments solution. There are three recent developments: the Fed’s Faster payments task force has defined effectiveness criteria for a new payments system, NACHA has received the Fed’s approval for its same day ACH rule, and most interestingly, The Clearing House – the high value clearing network for the larger banks – has announced a letter of intent with Vocalink to develop a new real-time system.

Judging by the Chicago Payments Symposium hosted by the Chicago Fed last month, there is still nothing like consensus on the “right” outcome, and the US is still some years from new mainstream payments services that are “cloud ready”.

New research highlights an increasingly “banked” world

Brad Pragnell — Wed, 24 Jun 2015 05:55:02 +0000

Billions of people, primarily in developing countries, have historically had neither bank accounts nor access to electronic payments. When saving and making payments, they have had to rely on cash.

This is rapidly changing. According to the recently-released World Bank Global Findex, in 2014, 62 per cent of the adults worldwide had a formal account with a financial institution or mobile money service – a dramatic increase from 51 per cent in 2011.

This upswing in financial inclusion has been facilitated by a growing middle class in many developing countries and easily available technology, in particular the mobile phone. However this growth has taken a different path in different regions.

A strange brew – regulator releases its final policy statement on UK Payments

Brad Pragnell — Wed, 06 May 2015 06:32:42 +0000

The new UK Payment Systems Regulator (PSR) became operational on 1 April 2015 and as reported in the most recent edition of Payments Monitor (APCA's quarterly newsletter), released its first major policy statement, entitled “A new regulatory framework for the payment systems in the UK”.

The PSR has laid down a significant agenda. This includes the establishment of the “Payments Strategy Forum” to develop a collaborative industry strategy and effectively replace the UK Payments Council. The payment system is a network and a strong shared vision and collaborative strategy is critical for success. Collaborative bodies, such as Australia's own Australian Payments Council, recognise the need to have forums that bring industry together. However to be successful, the new Strategy Forum will need active industry participation. If industry is only there to assist in the implementation of public policy, then the new Forum will fall short of expectations.

Tough medicine for the UK payments system – but how sick is the patient?

Brad Pragnell — Tue, 18 Nov 2014 03:47:45 +0000

On 13 November 2014, the UK Payments System Regulator (PSR) released “A new regulatory framework for payment systems in the UK”. This document outlines, and seeks feedback on, the PSR’s thinking on its regulatory approach in the lead-up to becoming operational in April 2015.

The PSR is a new economic regulator that sits within the Financial Conduct Authority and has broad powers to designate payment systems and impose standards. While on paper, the PSR’s powers are not too dissimilar to those of Australia’s own Payments System Board, at first glance, the 13 November consultation paper suggests a much more invasive, and it could be argued ill-conceived, regulatory stance.

Of payment regulators and payments councils

Chris Hamilton — Thu, 21 Aug 2014 04:56:37 +0000

Try Googling "Payments Council", at least from Australia, and the first entry you get is the UK Payments Council home page, trumpeting its Faster Payments service, its mobile to mobile payments facility "Paym" and its automated account switching service. The next four entries relate to the joint RBA/APCA consultation on, and establishment of, an Australian Payments Council, which is approaching completion with an inaugural meeting later this year. One might be forgiven for assuming that Australia is in the process of establishing the same kind of body that already exists, and appears to be doing quite a good job, in the UK.

Now try Googling "Payment Systems Regulator". The first four entries relate to the UK development of a new regulator with extensive powers over retail payment systems. The fifth entry is the home page of RBA's Payments System Board, established more than 15 years ago with (rather less extensive) powers to regulate Australian payment systems. Again, one might be forgiven for assuming that the UK was in the process of establishing a regulatory framework on the long-standing and, according to the Financial System Inquiry (FSI), successful Australian model.

Both these assumptions would be wrong. Beware the besetting sin of an information-rich age: analysis by search engine.

Big ideas in a little province

Brad Pragnell — Thu, 21 Aug 2014 00:24:02 +0000

I had the honour and pleasure of recently attending and participating in the Canadian Payment Association’s Payments Panorama 2014, held this year in beautiful Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. Prince Edward Island is Canada’s smallest province, with a mere 0.5% of the Canadian population and a total area only twice that of the Australian Capital Territory. Yet on this postage stamp gem in the Gulf of St Lawrence, some big ideas concerning the future of Canadian payments were being discussed.

By way of background, Canada and Australia share many features and our payment landscapes have some similarities. Both have a long-standing national payments body and a competitive national domestic debit card scheme. Australians and Canadians are enthusiastically embracing new ways of paying, including mobile and contactless. The Government and regulators in both countries have intervened on the fractious issue of interchange fees, though Canada has adopted a more disclosure-based approach than the harder caps found in Australia.

Payments World USA

Chris Hamilton — Tue, 15 Apr 2014 23:31:38 +0000

In April, I took a quick trip to Disney World...well, kind of. The annual conference of NACHA, APCA's equivalent body in the USA, was held at Disney World's home: Orlando, Florida. Around 2,200 bankers turned up to hear three days of presentations on the state of US payments - and possibly catch a few rides. I hope they had some fun amongst the work, because these are stressful times for US payment providers. Having weathered the GFC with tightened budgets, US bankers are acutely conscious of new payments system developments in other countries and pressure from the US Federal Reserve to follow suit or be left behind; but they are a long way from agreeing amongst themselves what is to be done, and who will pay. My small contribution was to outline the policy logic behind Australia's New Payments Platform (NPP) proposal as a comparative example. There was much interest.

Australia, South Africa and mobile payments

Chris Hamilton — Tue, 15 Oct 2013 04:02:04 +0000

When it comes to consumer payments, the future is obviously mobile. But the "how" of mobile payments turns out to be rather complicated.

I recently had the opportunity to participate in the Annual Conference of the Payments Association of South Africa. Systemic comparison is one key benefit of such an experience. Here we have two resource-driven economies of roughly similar size, similarly large physical distances but markedly different population demographics. The retail payments systems are diverging, rather than converging. This highlights the obvious point that payment systems are shaped by people's habits, not by economics.

Consider, for example, some simple comparisons between bank account ownership and mobile phone ownership. According to the World Bank, Australia is one of the most heavily banked populations on earth, with a 99% banking rate in 2012 - that is, 99 out of 100 Australians over the age of 15 had a bank account in 2012. South Africa, by contrast, has a 54% banking rate, and therefore a large community that is still cash-based. Now let's look at mobile phones: the "phoned" rate in Australia is a healthy 106%; in South Africa, 135%. Yes, every person in South Africa has a mobile phone subscription, and every third person has two. If you suspect the interaction of these two comparison pairs leads to different payment evolutions, you would be right.

UK payments system self-regulation under scrutiny

Chris Hamilton — Fri, 19 Apr 2013 00:30:58 +0000

Last month, the UK government published a consultation paper on “Opening up UK payments”. According to the paper, “the self-regulation of financial services…has been discredited.” Say what? The world over, payments systems have been almost entirely self-regulated, so this is a big call. The evidence cited in the paper for this includes the LIBOR-rate fixing scandal and the failed attempt to eliminate UK cheque clearing. And of course, there is enduring rancor over the public bailout of UK banks during the global financial crisis.